Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an essential element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions enables the comparison of keyboard shortcuts across different systems. The following sections detail some of these comparisons in widely used operating systems.
General shortcuts
A note regarding KDE's shortcuts is that they can be changed and the below list contains the defaults. Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the "E" shortcut. Furthermore, many shortcuts (such as CTRL-Z, ALT-E, etc.) are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written. Not all applications follow (all of) these conventions.| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME | Emacs | Vim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File menu | Alt+F, or F10 then F | Ctrl+F2, then F (requires full keyboard access active, using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls. Alternatively use Ctrl+F7 to toggle this setting.) | Alt+F | Meta+`, then f | Alt+f (gvim) |
| Edit menu | Alt+E | Ctrl+F2, then E | Alt+E | Meta+`, then e | Alt+e (gvim) |
| View menu | Alt+V | Ctrl+F2, then V | Alt+V | ||
| Undo the last operation | Ctrl+Z, or Alt+← Backspace | ⌘ Cmd+Z | Ctrl+Z | Ctrl+x, then u or Ctrl+/ or Ctrl+_ or Undo |
u |
| Redo the last operation | Ctrl+Y, or ⇧ Shift+Alt+← Backspace | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Z | ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Z, or Ctrl+Y | Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos. | R |
| Cut the selection and store it in the clipboard | Ctrl+X, or ⇧ Shift+Del | ⌘ Cmd+X | Ctrl+X | Ctrl+w | x or "ax to cut in register "a" or "+x to cut in system clipboard |
| Copy the selection into the clipboard | Ctrl+C, or Ctrl+Ins | ⌘ Cmd+C | Ctrl+C | Meta+w, or Ctrl+Ins | y or "ay or "+y |
| Paste contents of clipboard at cursor | Ctrl+V, or ⇧ Shift+Ins | ⌘ Cmd+V | Ctrl+V | Ctrl+y, or ⇧ Shift+Ins | p or "ap to paste the content of the "a" register or "+p to paste the content of the system clipboard |
| Paste special | Ctrl+Alt+V | ⇧ Shift+⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+V | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+V | Meta+y | |
| Select all in focused control or window | Ctrl+A | ⌘ Cmd+A | Ctrl+A | Ctrl+x, then h | ggVG, unlikely ever needed as most command take an optional range parameter. % means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use :%y |
| Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methods | ⇧ Shift+Alt, or ⊞ Win+Space The latter displays a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8. | ⌘ Cmd+Space (not MBR) Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.[1] | Ctrl+Alt+K via KDE Keyboard ⇧ Shift+Alt in GNOME | Ctrl+\ |
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE/GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|
| New browser window with same page as current | Ctrl+N (for both explorer.exe and iexplore.exe) | Ctrl+N | |
| New folder | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+N | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N |
| Applications menu | ⊞ Win or Ctrl+Esc |
Alt + "n" e.g. for _File_ Alt + F | |
| Lock desktop | ⊞ Win+L[2] | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Eject or MBR Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Pwr (If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy") | Ctrl+Alt+L |
| Show desktop | ⊞ Win+D or ⊞ Win+M (then use ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+M to bring back all windows) |
F11 | Ctrl+Alt+D |
| Log out user | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Q | Ctrl+Alt+Delete | |
| Switch active user | ⊞ Win+L[3] | ||
| Task manager | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc, Ctrl+Alt+Delete[4] | Alt+⌘ Cmd+Esc | Ctrl+Esc |
| Rename object | F2 | ↵ Enter or F2 | F2 |
| Open file or program | ↵ Enter | ⌘ Cmd+O | ↵ Enter |
| Switch window (next/previous) | Alt+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Alt+Tab ↹ | ⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹ | Alt+Tab ↹ / Alt+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ |
| Switch window without dialog (next/previous) | Alt+Esc / ⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc | Only works within single Applications ⌘ Cmd+` / ⌘ Cmd+~ |
Alt+Esc / ⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc |
| Run application | ⊞ Win, enter executable name or ⊞ Win+R, enter executable name |
⌘ Cmd+Space, enter executable name | Alt+F2, enter executable name |
| Search | ⊞ Win, enter executable name or ⊞ Win+F |
⌘ Cmd+Space / Alt+F |
Power management
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|
| Place computer into sleep/standby mode | Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel → Power Options → Advanced tab dialog box) | ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject[5] | Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel → Power Options → Advanced tab dialog box) |
| Shutdown computer | ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹+Tab ↹+Space | Ctrl+⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject (no confirmation, shutdown is immediate) | Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+PageDown (KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate) |
| Restart computer | Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+Eject[5] (no confirmation, restart is immediate) | Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+PageUp (KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate) | |
| Place display in sleep mode | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Eject | ||
| Bring up power/sleep dialog box | Alt+F4 (while on Desktop only) | Ctrl+Eject |
Screenshots
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|
| Save screenshot of entire screen as file | ⊞ Win+Print Screen or Print Screen | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3 | Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME Shell [6] |
| Copy screenshot of entire screen to clipboard | Print Screen or Ctrl+Print Screen | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3 | Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME Shell [6] |
| Save screenshot of window as file | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space | Alt+Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME [6] | |
| Copy screenshot of window to clipboard | Alt+Print Screen | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space | Alt+Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME [6] |
| Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 | ||
| Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 | ||
| Screencasting | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+R [7] [8] |
Text editing
Many of these commands may be combined with ⇧ Shift to select a region of text.[9]| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME | Emacs | Vim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delete char to the right of cursor | Del or Fn+← Backspace | Del, or Ctrl+d, or Fn+← Backspace | Del | Ctrl+d | x |
| Delete word to the right of cursor | Ctrl+Del | ⌥ Opt+Del or ⌥ Opt+ Fn+← Backspace |
Ctrl+Del | Meta+e | dw (delete space too) or de (keep space) |
| Delete word to the left of cursor | Ctrl+← Backspace | ⌥ Opt+← Backspace | Ctrl+← Backspace | Ctrl+← Backspace, or Meta+← Backspace | dge (delete space too) or db (keep space) |
| Go to start of line | Home, or Fn+← | ⌘ Cmd+← or Ctrl+A | Home | Ctrl+a, or Home | ^ (go to first non-space) or 0 (go to column 0) |
| Go to end of line | End, or Fn+→ | ⌘ Cmd+→ or Ctrl+E | End | Ctrl+e, or End | $ |
| Go to start of document | Ctrl+Home | ⌘ Cmd+↑ | Ctrl+Home | Meta+<, or Ctrl+Home | gg |
| Go to end of document | Ctrl+End | ⌘ Cmd+↓ | Ctrl+End | Meta+>, or Ctrl+End | G |
| Go to previous word | Ctrl+← | ⌥ Opt+← | Ctrl+← | Meta+b, or Ctrl+←, or Meta+← | b or ge |
| Go to next word | Ctrl+→ | ⌥ Opt+→ | Ctrl+→ | Meta+f, or Ctrl+→, or Meta+→ | w or e |
| Go to previous line | ↑ | ↑, or Ctrl+p | ↑ | Ctrl+p, or ↑ | k or ↑ |
| Go to next line | ↓ | ↓, or Ctrl+n | ↓ | Ctrl+n, or ↓ | j or ↓ |
| Go to previous line break (paragraph) | Ctrl+↑ | ⌥ Opt+↑ | Ctrl+↑ (kword or GNOME) | Meta+'{', or Control+↑ | { |
| Go to next line break | Ctrl+↓ | ⌥ Opt+↓ | Ctrl+↓ (kword or GNOME) | Meta+'}', or Control+↓ | } |
| Move the cursor down the length of the viewport | Page Down | Fn+↓ | Page Down | Ctrl+v, or Page Down | Ctrl+f, or Page Down |
| Move the cursor up the length of the viewport | Page Up | Fn+↑ | Page Up | Meta+v, or Page Up | Ctrl+b, or Page Up |
| Find | Ctrl+F | ⌘ Cmd+F ⌘ Cmd+E (Search with current selection) | Ctrl+F Ctrl+K (GNOME; interactive search) | Ctrl+s | / |
| Go to next search result | F3 | ⌘ Cmd+G | Ctrl+G (GNOME) or F3 (KDE)[10] | Ctrl+s | n |
| Go to previous search result | ⇧ Shift+F3 | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G | ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+G (GNOME) or ⇧ Shift+F3 (KDE)[10] | Ctrl+r | N |
| Search and replace | Ctrl+H | ⌘ Cmd+F | Ctrl+H (GNOME) or Ctrl+R (KDE) | Meta+% | %s/fosh/fish/gc[11] |
| Search with a regular expression | Ctrl+Meta+s | All search uses regular expressions. | |||
| Search and replace with a regular expression | Ctrl+Meta+% |
Text formatting
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME[12] | Emacs | Vim |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bold | Ctrl+B | ⌘ Cmd+B | Ctrl+B | ||
| Underline | Ctrl+U | ⌘ Cmd+U | Ctrl+U | ||
| Italic | Ctrl+I | ⌘ Cmd+I | Ctrl+I | ||
| Uppercase / Lowercase | ⇧ Shift+F3 | ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+C | ⇧ Shift+F3 | Meta+u for upper, Meta+l for lower, Meta+c for capitalized. | gU for upper, gu for lower, ~ to toggle. |
| Superscript | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+= | Ctrl+⌘ Cmd++ (Pages and Adobe Applications only?) | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P[13] | ||
| Subscript | Ctrl+= | Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+- (Pages and Adobe Applications only?) | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+B[13] | ||
| Make selected text larger/smaller | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+>/Ctrl+⇧ Shift+<, Ctrl+[/Ctrl+] | ||||
| Make selected text bulleted or Numbered Items | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+L | ||||
| Insert Linebreak | ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter | Alt+↵ Enter | ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter |
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go to Address Bar | Alt+D or Alt+C or F6 depending on language |
⌘ Cmd+L | Ctrl+L or Alt+D or F6 |
| Go to the previous location in history | Alt+← or ← Backspace | ⌘ Cmd+[ or ⌘ Cmd+← | Alt+← |
| Go to the next location in history | Alt+→ or ⇧ Shift+← Backspace (web browser only) | ⌘ Cmd+] or ⌘ Cmd+→ | Alt+→ |
| Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy | Alt+↑ (Vista, 7 or 8 only) or ← Backspace (Windows Explorer) | ⌘ Cmd+↑ | Alt+↑ |
| Go to the starting page defined by the user or application | Alt+Home | ⌘ Cmd+Home | Ctrl+Home (KDE) / Alt+Home (GNOME) |
Web browsers
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME | Emacs-w3m | Vimperator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bookmarks menu | Ctrl+B | ⌘ Cmd+B (Firefox) | Alt+B | v | :bmarks |
| URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com) | Ctrl+↵ Enter | ⌘ Cmd+↵ Enter (Firefox) or Control+↵ Enter (Chrome) |
Ctrl+↵ Enter | ||
| URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org) | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter | ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+↵ Enter (Firefox) | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter | ||
| URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net) | ⇧ Shift +↵ Enter | ⇧ Shift +↵ Enter (Firefox) | ⇧ Shift +↵ Enter | ||
| Add bookmark for current page | Ctrl+D | ⌘ Cmd+D | Ctrl+B / Ctrl+D | a | :bmark |
| Add bookmark for current link | Meta+a | ||||
| Manage bookmarks | Ctrl+B | ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+B (Chrome/Safari) or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+B (Firefox) |
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R / Ctrl+B | ||
| Focus and select Web search bar | Ctrl+E | ⌘ Cmd+E (Opera) or ⌘ Cmd+K (Firefox) or ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+F (Safari) |
Ctrl+k | t (open in a new tab) or T (open in current tab) | |
| Focus and select address bar | Ctrl+L or F6 or Alt+D | ⌘ Cmd+L | Ctrl+L or Alt+D or F6 | g s | None (?). Use O to alter URL, use y to copy it. |
| Refresh a webpage | F5 or Ctrl+R | ⌘ Cmd+R | F5 or Ctrl+R | R | r |
| Refresh a webpage ignoring cache | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F5 or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+R | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F5 or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R | R | |
| Open a new window | Ctrl+N | ⌘ Cmd+N (Chrome) | Ctrl+N | :winopen | |
| Zoom Options (zoom in / zoom out / zoom 100%) | Ctrl++ / Ctrl+- / Ctrl+0 | ⌘ Cmd++ / ⌘ Cmd+- / ⌘ Cmd+0 | Ctrl++ / Ctrl+- / Ctrl+0 | zi / zo / zz (text only) or zI / zO / zZ (text and images) |
Tab management
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE / GNOME | Emacs-w3m | Vimperator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New tab | Ctrl+T | ⌘ Cmd+T | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T or Ctrl+T | Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+t | t |
| Close tab | Ctrl+W | ⌘ Cmd+W | Ctrl+W Mozilla Firefox [14] & Opera [15] & Chrom{e,ium} [16] & Arora [17] & Epiphany [18] & Midori Ctrl+F4 Mozilla Firefox [14] & Opera [15] & Chrom{e,ium} [16] & Arora [17] | d | |
| Close all tabs but the current one | ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+t (Safari) | Ctrl+c, then Meta+w | |||
| Go to next tab | Ctrl+Tab ↹ | Control+Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+→ (Safari) | Ctrl+PageDown or Ctrl+Tab ↹ or Ctrl+. | Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+n | gt |
| Go to previous tab | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ | ⇧ Shift+Control+Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+← (Safari) | Ctrl+PageUp or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ or Ctrl+, | Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+p | gT |
| Go to tab-n | Ctrl+n (Chrome/Firefox/Internet Explorer) | ⌘ Cmd+n (Chrome) | Alt+n (Chrome/Firefox) or Ctrl+n '(Chrome) | First tab: g0 Last tab: g$ | |
| Open a previously closed tab | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox/Opera/Chrome) | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox/Opera/Chrome)[16][19][20] | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox)[19] | u |
| Open a previously closed window | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N (Firefox) |
Window management
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME | Emacs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Force window mode (Application requires functionality for set action) | Alt+↵ Enter | ⌥ Option+Alt+↵ Enter or ⌥ Option+Alt+F or ⌘ Cmd+F or ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+F | |||
| Pop up window menu | Alt+Space | Alt+F3 | Alt+Space | Ctrl+`, then b | |
| Close the focused window | Alt+F4 or Ctrl+F4 or Ctrl+W or Alt+Space then C[21] | ⌘ Cmd+W | Alt+F4 | Alt+F4 | Ctrl+x, then k |
| Restore the focused window to its previous size | Alt+Space then R[21] | Alt+F3 then X | Alt+F5 | Ctrl+x, then r, then j, then letter of the window state register. | |
| Move the focused window | Alt+Space then M[21] then Arrow Keys and ↵ Enter(to save location) | Alt+Mouse / Alt+F3 then M then Arrow Keys | Alt+Mouse / Alt+F7 then Arrow Keys | ||
| Resize the focused window | Alt+Space then S[21] then Arrow Keys | Alt+F3 then S then Arrow Keys | Alt+F8 then Arrow Keys | Ctrl+x, then ^ vertically | |
| Hide the focused window | ⌘ Cmd+H | Meta+x, then bury-buffer RET, then Ret | |||
| Hide all except the focused window | ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+H | ||||
| Lower the focused window | Alt+Esc | ||||
| Minimize the focused window | Alt+Space then N,[21] or ⊞ Win+↓ (Windows 7 and Vista Home Premium) | ⌘ Cmd+M | Alt+F3 then N | Alt+F9 | Meta+x, then bury-buffer RET, then Ret |
| Maximize the focused window | Alt+Space then X,[21] or ⊞ Win+↑ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) | ⌘ Cmd+L | Alt+F3 then X | Alt+F10 | Ctrl+x, then 1 |
| Maximize horizontally | Available, but no default | Available, but no default | |||
| Maximize vertically | ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+↑ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) | Available ('Zoom'), but no default | Available, but no default | Available, but no default | |
| Minimize all | ⊞ Win+M or ⊞ Win+D | ⌘ Cmd+Alt+M | Available, but no default | Ctrl+Alt+D | |
| Minimize all non focused windows | ⊞ Win+Home (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1) | Available, but no default | |||
| Undo minimize all | ⇧ Shift+⊞ Win+M | Available, but no default | Ctrl+Alt+D | ||
| Switch fullscreen/normal size | F11 | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+F | F11 | F11 | |
| Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar | Depends on application, system default: ⌘ Cmd+CTRL+F | Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F | Ctrl+F11 | ||
| Rollup/down window | Available, but no default | Alt+F12 | |||
| Show all open windows | ⊞ Win+Tab ↹ | F9 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[22][23] | ⊞ Win works per desktop on Gnome 3+ | Ctrl+x, then Ctrl+b | |
| Show all windows of current application | F3 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[22][23] | Ctrl+` | Ctrl+x, then Ctrl+b | ||
| Show all workspaces | F8 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[22][23] | ⊞ Win then mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen | |||
| Move window to left/right/up/down workspace | ⊞ Win+←/→ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) | Available, but no default | Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+ ← / → / ↑ / ↓ | ||
| Move window between multiple monitors | ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+←/→ (Windows 7 and Windows 8) | ||||
| Move window to workspace n | Available, but no default | ||||
| Switch to next/previous workspace list | Available, but no default | ||||
| Go to workspace n | Ctrl+n | Ctrl+Fn | |||
| Go to left/right/up/down workspace | [24] | Ctrl+← / Ctrl+→ / Ctrl+↑ / Ctrl+↓ (OS X 10.5 to 10.6), Ctrl+← / Ctrl+→ (OS X 10.7) | Available, but no default | Ctrl+Alt+← / → / ↑ / ↓ | |
| Quit application of current window | Alt+F4 or Ctrl+F4 varies[25] | ⌘ Cmd+Q[26] | Ctrl+Alt+Esc | q | |
| Close dialog | Esc | Esc | |||
| Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar | ⊞ Win+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1) | ||||
| Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch | ⊞ Win+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista, 7 and 8.1) | ||||
| Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened) | ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1) | ||||
| Focus the first taskbar entry. Pressing again will cycle through them | ⊞ Win+T, you can ←→ back and forth. Hold ⇧ Shift to cycle backwards (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1) | ||||
| Peek at the desktop | ⊞ Win+Space (Windows 7 only) | F11 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[22][23] | |||
| Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets | ⊞ Win+G (Windows Vista,7) or ⊞ Win+Space (Vista only, no cycling) | ||||
| External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.) | ⊞ Win+P (Windows 7 and Windows 8) |
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control | Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ | With full keyboard access active (System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls) Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ | Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ | Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ Ctrl+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Tab ↹ |
| Pop up tooltip for currently focused control | ⇧ Shift+F1 | Ctrl+F1 | ||
| Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control | ⇧ Shift+F1 | ⌘ Cmd+? | ⇧ Shift+F1 | ⇧ Shift+F1 |
| Give focus to next/previous pane | Ctrl+F6 / Alt+F6 | ⌘ Cmd+` | F6 / ⇧ Shift+F6 | |
| Give focus to splitter bar in paned window | F8 | |||
| Give focus to window's menu bar | F10 or Alt | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+/, then type command name, or Ctrl+F2 (or Fn+Ctrl+F2 on some keyboards - requires full keyboard access active using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls)) |
Alt | F10 |
| Pop up contextual menu for currently selected objects (aka context menu) | ⇧ Shift+F10 or ≣ Menu | Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys in Universal Access, then Function+Ctrl+5 or Ctrl+5 (numeric keypad) or Function+Ctrl+i (laptop) | ≣ Menu | ≣ Menu or ⇧ Shift+F10 |
| Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button | Space | Space | Space | Space |
| Activate focused button, menu item etc. | ↵ Enter | Space (also ↵ Enter for menu items) | ↵ Enter | ↵ Enter |
| Select/move to first/last item in selected widget | Home / End | Home / End | ||
| Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right | ⇞ / ⇟ (or Fn+↑+Fn+↓ on some keyboards) | PageUp / Ctrl+PageUp / PageDown / Ctrl+PageDown |
||
| Scroll selected view to top/bottom | ↖ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↖ ↘ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↘ | |||
| Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a window | Ctrl+Tab ↹ | Ctrl+Tab ↹ / ⌘ Cmd+` | Ctrl+Tab ↹ -> Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ <- | |
| Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop | Ctrl+Alt+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Tab ↹ | |||
| Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog) | Ctrl+Alt+Esc / ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Esc |
Command line shortcuts
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.| Action | Microsoft Windows (cmd.exe) |
Microsoft Windows (Windows PowerShell) |
Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (bash) |
Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (POSIX shell) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scroll through History of typed commands | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ or Ctrl+P/Ctrl+N | ESC K / ESC J |
| Signal end-of-file | Ctrl+Z | Ctrl+D | ||
| Abort current command/typing | Ctrl+C | Ctrl+C | Ctrl+C | Ctrl+C |
| Erase word to the left | Ctrl+← Backspace | Ctrl+W | ||
| Erase word to the right | Ctrl+Delete | Alt+D | ||
| Erase line to the left | Ctrl+Home | Ctrl+Home | Ctrl+U | |
| Erase line to the right | Ctrl+End | Ctrl+End | Ctrl+K | |
| Yank/paste previously erased string | Ctrl+Y | |||
| Move one word to the left (backward) | Ctrl+← | Alt+← | Alt+B | |
| Move one word to the right (forward) | Ctrl+→ | Alt+→ | Alt+F | |
| Move to beginning of line | Home | Home | Ctrl+A or Home |
|
| Move to end of line | End | End | Ctrl+E or End |
|
| Reverse search of history | F8 | F8 | Ctrl+R | |
| Stop execution of the current job | Ctrl+Z | |||
| Insert the next character typed verbatim | Ctrl+V | |||
| Autocomplete command/file name | Tab ↹ (enabled by default in Windows XP and later) | Tab ↹ | Tab ↹ (usually once) | Esc (usually twice) |
| Paste contents of clipboard at cursor | ⇧ Shift+Ins | |||
| Scroll window up | ⇧ Shift+PageUp (may not work in some versions of Windows XP) | ⇧ Shift+PageUp | ||
| Scroll window down | ⇧ Shift+PageDown (may not work in some versions of Windows XP) | ⇧ Shift+PageDown |
Accessibility
- In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
- In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible if Universal Access is enabled.
| Action | Windows | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utility Manager | ⊞ Win+U | |||
| Use keyboard to control cursor | (Left Alt+Left Shift+Numlock | [27] | ||
| Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a time | (⇧ Shift 5 times) | ***(⇧ Shift 5 times) [28] | ||
| Hear beep when -lock key pressed | (Numlock for 5 seconds) | |||
| Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed | (Right Shift for 8 seconds) | ***(⇧ Shift for 8 seconds)[29] [30][31] | ||
| Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode | Left Alt+Left Shift+PrtScn | ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Ctrl+8 | Meta+⇧ Shift+i (if enabled) | |
| Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window) | Meta+⇧ Shift+u (if enabled) |
0 comments:
Post a Comment